US High School Psychology Practice Exam

Which memory system can retain information for a lifetime according to the Atkinson-Schifferin theory?

1. Short-term memory

2. Sensory memory

3. Long-term memory

4. Working memory

The correct answer is: Long-term memory

Long-term memory is the memory system identified by the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory that has the capacity to retain information for a lifetime. This theory posits that memories are processed in a series of stages, starting from sensory memory, which holds onto brief impressions of sensory information; followed by short-term memory, where information can be held temporarily, often only for seconds to a minute unless actively maintained. In contrast, long-term memory is characterized by its ability to store vast amounts of information over extended periods, sometimes lasting years or even a lifetime. This is where knowledge, experiences, and skills are kept, enabling individuals to recall them when needed. The encoding process for long-term memory often involves elaboration and organization of information, which aids in the retention and retrieval of memories over the long haul. Although short-term memory and working memory are essential for immediate processing and manipulation of information, they do not possess the same capacity for long-term retention, making long-term memory the correct answer in this context.