US High School Psychology Practice Exam

Which theory suggests that dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals?

1. Activation-synthesis theory

2. Information processing theory

3. Manifest theory

4. Latent potential theory

The correct answer is: Activation-synthesis theory

The theory that suggests dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals is known as the activation-synthesis theory. This theory posits that during REM sleep, the brain is activated by random neural activity. The cerebral cortex then attempts to make sense of these signals by weaving them into a narrative or story, which we experience as dreams. This process signifies a blend of random biological activity and psychological interpretation, highlighting the brain's intrinsic ability to create meaning from seemingly chaotic information. This contrasts with theories like information processing, which emphasizes the role of dreams in organizing and processing memories and experiences, rather than viewing them as a mere byproduct of neural activity. Manifest and latent potential theories suggest other frameworks for understanding dreams that focus less on the integration of neural signals and more on desires or symbolic meanings. Therefore, the activation-synthesis theory distinctly aligns with the notion of the cerebral cortex synthesizing random neural signals into the content of dreams.